The Black Dragon Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides ‘Black Dragon’) is a stunning foliage plant known for its deeply ruffled, velvety leaves in shades of deep burgundy, purple, and almost black. This shade-loving plant is an excellent choice for gardens, borders, and containers, adding a dramatic touch to any setting. Proper care will ensure that Black Dragon Coleus thrives and maintains its vibrant color and lush growth. Below is a detailed guide on how to grow and maintain Black Dragon Coleus successfully.

1. Understanding Black Dragon Coleus

Before planting, it’s essential to understand the basic characteristics of this plant:

Botanical Name: Plectranthus scutellarioides ‘Black Dragon’
Common Name: Black Dragon Coleus
Plant Type: Tender perennial (grown as an annual in most climates)
Mature Height: 12-18 inches
Mature Width: 12-15 inches
Sun Requirements: Partial shade to full shade
Soil Type: Rich, well-draining, slightly moist soil
Watering Needs: Moderate, requires consistent moisture
Hardiness Zones: USDA zones 10-11 (grown as an annual in cooler zones)
Toxicity: Non-toxic to humans, mildly toxic to pets if ingested

2. Choosing the Right Location

Black Dragon Coleus thrives in shaded or partially shaded areas. When selecting a planting site, consider:

Shade Preference: Prefers partial to full shade. Too much direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves.
Soil Quality: Needs rich, well-draining soil. Amending the soil with compost will improve nutrient content.
Spacing: Plant 12-15 inches apart to allow for proper air circulation.
Protection: Shelter from strong winds to prevent leaf damage.

3. Planting Black Dragon Coleus

When to Plant

Spring or Early Summer: The best time to plant is after the last frost, when soil temperatures are consistently above 60°F.
Container-grown plants can be planted any time of the year in warm indoor conditions.

How to Plant

Prepare the soil by loosening it and incorporating organic matter like compost.
Dig a hole slightly larger than the plant’s root ball.
Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the roots are covered but the crown is at soil level.
Backfill with soil, gently firming it around the roots.
Water thoroughly after planting to help establish roots.
Apply mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

4. Light Requirements

Black Dragon Coleus does best in partial to full shade.
In warmer climates, it should be kept out of direct afternoon sun to prevent scorching.
If growing indoors, place in bright, indirect light.
If foliage fades or becomes leggy, adjust light conditions accordingly.

5. Watering Requirements

Proper watering is crucial for Black Dragon Coleus:

Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy.
Water when the top 1-2 inches of soil feel dry.
Use room-temperature water to avoid shocking the roots.
Avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal diseases.
Reduce watering in cooler months when growth slows.

6. Soil and Fertilization

Soil

Prefers rich, well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0).
Amend heavy clay soils with compost or perlite for better drainage.

Fertilization

Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer (10-10-10) every 2-4 weeks during the growing season.
Slow-release fertilizers can also be used at the beginning of the season.
Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can lead to weak, leggy growth.

7. Pruning and Maintenance

Regular maintenance ensures a full, healthy plant:

Pinch back growth regularly to promote a bushier shape and prevent legginess.
Remove dead or damaged leaves to improve airflow.
Deadhead flowers to redirect energy to leaf production (flowers are small and often removed for better foliage growth).

8. Propagation Methods

Black Dragon Coleus is easily propagated by stem cuttings.

Stem Cuttings (Best Method)

Cut a 4-6 inch stem just below a leaf node.
Remove the bottom leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone (optional).
Place in a glass of water or directly into moist soil.
If in water, roots should appear in 1-2 weeks. Once roots are 1 inch long, transplant into soil.
Keep in bright, indirect light and maintain moisture.

9. Common Pests and Diseases

Common Pests

Aphids: Small, sap-sucking insects that weaken plants. Treat with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Spider Mites: Tiny pests that cause webbing and leaf damage. Increase humidity and apply miticides if needed.
Whiteflies: Cause yellowing and leaf drop. Use sticky traps or spray with insecticidal soap.

Common Diseases

Powdery Mildew: Fungal disease that appears as white powdery spots. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
Root Rot: Caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Ensure soil is well-draining and avoid soggy conditions.
Leaf Spot: Fungal or bacterial spots on leaves. Remove affected foliage and apply fungicides if necessary.

10. Overwintering Black Dragon Coleus

Since Black Dragon Coleus is tender in colder climates, special care is needed for overwintering.

Outdoor Plants

Before the first frost, take cuttings and root them indoors.
Alternatively, dig up the plant, pot it, and bring it indoors.

Indoor Plants

Keep in bright, indirect light.
Reduce watering slightly but do not let soil dry out completely.
Maintain a temperature above 60°F (16°C).
Resume normal care in spring when new growth appears.

11. Companion Planting

Black Dragon Coleus pairs well with other shade-loving plants:

Hostas: Complement the foliage with their broad leaves.
Ferns: Add texture and contrast.
Impatiens: Provide additional color in shaded garden beds.
Caladiums: Enhance the tropical aesthetic.

Final Thoughts

Black Dragon Coleus is a fantastic plant that adds deep, rich color to any garden or home. By providing adequate shade, proper watering, regular pruning, and nutrient-rich soil, you can enjoy its stunning foliage throughout the season. Whether planted in the ground or in containers, this Coleus variety makes a dramatic statement and is easy to propagate for future seasons. Happy growing!

How to Care for Black Dragon Coleus