The Black Rubber Tree (Ficus elastica) is an elegant and low-maintenance houseplant with deep, glossy, dark burgundy leaves that make a striking statement in any home or office. Native to Southeast Asia, this tropical plant is adaptable to various growing conditions and can thrive with minimal care. In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about growing and maintaining a healthy Black Rubber Tree.

1. Choosing the Right Location

Light Requirements

Bright, indirect light is ideal. Too much direct sun can scorch the leaves.
Can tolerate low light, but this may slow growth and cause leggy stems.
If placing near a window, east- or north-facing windows are best.

Temperature & Humidity

Thrives in temperatures between 60-75°F (16-24°C).
Avoid temperatures below 50°F (10°C).
Prefers moderate to high humidity; use a humidifier or mist the leaves occasionally.

2. Planting and Repotting

Pot Selection

Use a pot with good drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Terracotta pots can help wick away excess moisture.

Soil Requirements

A well-draining peat-based or loamy potting mix is best.
You can mix 1 part peat, 1 part pine bark, and 1 part perlite for optimal drainage.

When to Repot

Repot every 2-3 years or when roots outgrow the pot.
Spring or early summer is the best time to repot.

3. Watering Needs

Frequency

Water once a week during spring and summer.
Reduce watering to every 2-3 weeks in fall and winter.
Let the top 1-2 inches of soil dry out before watering again.

Watering Method

Use room-temperature water to prevent shock.
Water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom.
Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.

Signs of Overwatering or Underwatering

Overwatering: Yellowing leaves, soft stems, root rot.
Underwatering: Drooping or curling leaves, dry soil.

4. Fertilizing for Healthy Growth

During the growing season (spring and summer), feed once a month with a balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10).
Reduce feeding to every 2-3 months in fall and winter.
Organic options include compost tea, worm castings, or fish emulsion.

5. Pruning and Maintenance

Pruning Tips

Trim leggy growth to maintain a compact shape.
Remove yellow or damaged leaves to keep the plant healthy.
Wear gloves when pruning, as the sap can be irritating.

Cleaning the Leaves

Wipe the leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust and improve photosynthesis.
Avoid using leaf shine products, as they can clog pores.

6. Propagation Methods

Propagating by Stem Cuttings

Take a 6-inch cutting with at least two leaves.
Dip the cut end in rooting hormone.
Place in a pot with moist potting mix.
Keep in a warm, humid area with bright, indirect light.
Roots should develop in 4-6 weeks.

Propagating in Water

Place a cutting in a glass of filtered water.
Change the water every 3-5 days.
Once roots are 2 inches long, transfer to soil.

7. Common Pests and Diseases

Pests

Spider mites – Wipe leaves with neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Mealybugs – Remove with alcohol-dipped cotton swabs.
Scale insects – Scrape off gently or use horticultural oil.

Diseases

Root rot – Avoid overwatering; ensure proper drainage.
Leaf spot – Improve airflow and avoid wetting leaves.
Powdery mildew – Increase humidity and use a fungicide if necessary.

8. Encouraging Growth and Vibrant Foliage

Rotate the plant every few weeks to promote even growth.
Provide occasional humidity boosts by misting or using a pebble tray.
Avoid drastic changes in temperature or humidity.
For darker foliage, ensure adequate light and proper fertilization.

9. Dealing with Common Problems

Leaf Drop

Cause: Overwatering, sudden temperature changes, or low humidity.
Solution: Adjust watering schedule and maintain a stable environment.

Yellowing Leaves

Cause: Overwatering or poor drainage.
Solution: Allow soil to dry between watering and improve aeration.

Leggy Growth

Cause: Insufficient light.
Solution: Move to a brighter location or provide supplemental grow lights.

10. Growing Black Rubber Trees Outdoors

Suitable for USDA Zones 10-12.
Plant in well-draining soil in a partially shaded location.
Protect from strong winds and extreme heat.
Water regularly, especially in dry seasons.

11. Toxicity and Safety Considerations

The sap is mildly toxic to pets and humans.
Keep out of reach of cats, dogs, and small children.
Wear gloves when handling cuttings or pruning to avoid skin irritation.

Conclusion

Caring for a Black Rubber Tree is relatively easy with the right approach. By providing proper lighting, moderate watering, occasional pruning, and pest prevention, this plant can thrive indoors or outdoors. With its striking dark leaves and low-maintenance nature, Ficus elastica makes an excellent addition to any plant collection.

How to Care for a Black Rubber Tree (Ficus elastica ‘Black Prince’ or ‘Burgundy’)